diff --git a/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml b/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml
index 5f1327e..d2db83b 100644
--- a/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ b/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -31,6 +31,17 @@
         android:theme="@style/Theme.PartnerTest"
         android:usesCleartextTraffic="true">
 
+        <!-- 移除 androidx.startup 自动初始化，避免 Android 4.x Dalvik multidex 加载失败 -->
+        <provider
+            android:name="androidx.startup.InitializationProvider"
+            android:authorities="${applicationId}.androidx-startup"
+            android:exported="false"
+            tools:node="merge">
+            <meta-data
+                android:name="androidx.lifecycle.ProcessLifecycleInitializer"
+                tools:node="remove" />
+        </provider>
+
         <!-- 页面1: 启动页/输入页 - 支持 EPG Intent 传参启动 -->
         <activity
             android:name=".ui.PartnerLaunchActivity"